What kind of political system do the Lilliputians have?

The political system of the Lilliputians is best described as a monarchy under the emperor. In the narrative, their society centers around the figure of an emperor who holds significant power and authority. The emperor is the primary ruler, and his position is hereditary, reflecting the characteristics of a traditional monarchy.

The society is structured with an elaborate bureaucracy and a code of laws that the emperor enforces, but ultimately the decision-making rests with him. This system is emphasized through the various interactions and conflicts that Gulliver experiences, showcasing how the political hierarchy and the emperor's influence play a critical role in the events of the story.

In contrast, the other options present alternative political structures that do not accurately represent the dynamics of Lilliputian governance as illustrated in the text. Lilliput does not feature democratic elections, an oligarchic council, or a republic without a leader, making "monarchy under the emperor" the fitting classification for their political system.